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Operation Elkayam
Operation Elkayam ((ヘブライ語:מבצע אלקיים)) also known as the Khan Yunis raid, was an Israeli military operation that targeted Egyptian military positions in the Khan Yunis area. The successful operation resulted in the destruction of Egyptian military installations as well as the deaths of seventy-two Egyptian soldiers. There was one Israeli fatality.
==Background==
The 1948 Arab-Israeli War resulted in a decisive Israeli victory. However, the Arab nations remained intransigent and were only willing to sign armistice agreements with Israel. Thus, a static situation of “no war, no peace,” emerged. Moreover, hundreds of thousands of Arab refugees now camped alongside Israel’s porous borders. The refugees lived in squalor, were kept under martial law and were prevented from gaining citizenship in their respective Arab host countries.〔Zeev Schiff, History of the Israeli Army, Straight Arrow Books (1974), p 220-222〕 Arab governments, but in particular Egypt, sensing the refugees’ discontent, capitalized on the opportunity to recruit embittered Palestinians for terrorist actions against Israel. At first, the infiltrations and border transgressions took the form of petty banditry and thievery.〔Schiff, p.222-223〕 However, by 1954, Egyptian military intelligence was taking an active role in providing various forms of support for Palestinian (fedayeen) terrorist activity.〔Schiff p. 224-225〕 After one such atrocity, Israel decided to take decisive action against Egypt for its sponsorship of terror and initiated Operation Black Arrow. Despite its success, Operation Black Arrow did not put a halt to Egyptian sponsorship of fedayeen terror raids and border transgressions. In late August 1955, attacks by Egyptian sponsored fedayeen near the Israeli towns of Rishon LeZion and Rechovot resulted in the deaths of eleven Israelis.〔P.R. Kumaraswamy, The A to Z of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, Scarecrow Press (2006), p 144〕 It was therefore decided that an operation, larger in scope and size than anything previously embarked upon, was warranted.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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